Introduction à la Belgique fédérale
First Edition
La Belgique est un État fédéral d'une rare complexité. Connaissant des Communautés et des Régions, et, à Bruxelles, des Commissions communautaires, le fédéralisme belge se caractérise notamment par le chevauchement de différents pouvoirs sur un même territoire.
Introduction à la Belgique fédérale guide le lecteur à travers les rouages institutionnels de l’Autorité fédérale et des entités fédérées. Cet ouvrage expose la répartition des compétences, les relations entre les pouvoirs législatif, exécutif et judicaire, la composition des parlements et des gouvernements ou encore le rôle des provinces et des communes.
Rédigé dans un langage accessible, il permet à chacun de se familiariser avec le fonctionnement des institutions.
Cette édition est entièrement mise à jour en 2022.
For more information on VAT and other payment methods, see "Specifications
- Publisher
- CRISP - Centre de Recherche et d'Information Socio-Politiques
- Imprint
- ChanGements pour l'égalité asbl
- Author
- Pierre Blaise, Jean Faniel, Caroline Sägesser,
- Collection
- Livres CRISP
- Language
- French
- Publisher Category
- Law > Public and Administrative Law
- Publisher Category
- Law
- Onix Audience Codes
- 06 Professional and scholarly
- Title First Published
- 15 March 2022
- Type of Work
- Monograph
CD-Rom
- Publication Date
- 15 October 2010
- ISBN-13
- 9782874632457
- Code
- 83557
- List Price
- 211.75 €
- ONIX XML
- Version 2.1, Version 3
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Contents
List of tables and figures ...................................................................... v
Preface ................................................................................................ vii
Acknowledgements ...........................................................................viii
List of abbreviations............................................................................ ix
0. INTRODUCTION.......................................................................... 1
PART 1. DESCRIPTION OF THE CORPUS................................. 3
1. General introduction.................................................................. 3
1.1. Historical background ........................................................... 3
1.2. Corpus or database?............................................................... 5
1.3. LINDSEI design criteria........................................................ 6
1.3.1. Interview variables ......................................................... 7
1.3.1.1. Genre ....................................................................... 8
1.3.1.2. Duration................................................................... 8
1.3.1.3. Three tasks............................................................... 8
1.3.1.4. Institution ................................................................ 9
1.3.2. Learner variables ............................................................ 9
1.3.2.1. Learning context...................................................... 9
1.3.2.2. Proficiency............................................................. 10
1.3.2.3. Age ........................................................................ 11
1.3.2.4. Gender ................................................................... 11
1.3.2.5. Mother tongue ....................................................... 11
1.3.2.6. Country.................................................................. 12
1.3.2.7. Knowledge of other foreign languages ................. 12
1.3.2.8. Stay in an English-speaking country ..................... 12
1.3.3. Interviewer variables .................................................... 12
1.3.3.1. Gender ................................................................... 12
1.3.3.2. Mother tongue ....................................................... 12
1.3.3.3. Knowledge of foreign languages........................... 12
1.3.3.4. Status ..................................................................... 13
1.4. Transcription and markup ................................................... 13
2. Project teams............................................................................. 19
2.1. Coordinating team............................................................... 19
2.2. IT team ................................................................................ 19
2.3. National teams..................................................................... 19
3. Structure of the corpus ............................................................ 23
3.1. General breakdown.............................................................. 23
3.1.1. Length of the interviews............................................... 23
3.1.2. Three tasks.................................................................... 28
3.1.3. Duration of the interviews............................................ 30
3.1.4. Set topic........................................................................ 30
3.1.5. Learners' age ................................................................ 32
3.1.6. Learners' gender........................................................... 32
3.1.7. Learners' education ...................................................... 33
3.1.8. Stay in an English-speaking country ............................ 35
3.1.9. Interviewers’ gender..................................................... 35
3.1.10. Interviewers’ mother tongue ...................................... 36
3.2. Breakdown per national subcorpus ..................................... 37
3.2.1. Subcorpus information ................................................. 37
3.2.1.1. Bulgarian subcorpus .............................................. 37
3.2.1.2. Chinese subcorpus................................................. 38
3.2.1.3. Dutch subcorpus .................................................... 39
3.2.1.4. French subcorpus................................................... 40
3.2.1.5. German subcorpus................................................. 41
3.2.1.6. Greek subcorpus .................................................... 41
3.2.1.7. Italian subcorpus.................................................... 42
3.2.1.8. Japanese subcorpus................................................ 43
3.2.1.9. Polish subcorpus.................................................... 44
3.2.1.10. Spanish subcorpus ............................................... 45
3.2.1.11. Swedish subcorpus .............................................. 46
3.2.2. Learning context........................................................... 47
3.2.2.1. Bulgaria (LINDSEI-BG) ....................................... 47
3.2.2.2. China (LINDSEI-CH) ........................................... 48
3.2.2.3. Dutch-speaking Belgium (LINDSEI-DU)............. 48
3.2.2.4. French-speaking Belgium (LINDSEI-FR) ............ 49
3.2.2.5. Germany (LINDSEI-GE) ...................................... 50
3.2.2.6. Greece (LINDSEI-GR).......................................... 51
3.2.2.7. Italy (LINDSEI-IT) ............................................... 52
3.2.2.8. Japan (LINDSEI-JP).............................................. 53
3.2.2.9. Poland (LINDSEI-PL)........................................... 54
3.2.2.10. Spain (LINDSEI-SP)........................................... 55
3.2.2.11. Sweden (LINDSEI-SW)...................................... 55
4. Methodology ............................................................................. 57
4.1. Learner corpora and SLA.................................................... 57
4.2. Intra-corpus comparisons .................................................... 58
4.3. LINDSEI vs ICLE............................................................... 62
4.4. LINDSEI vs LOCNEC........................................................ 65
4.5. Four-way comparisons ........................................................ 67
PART 2. LINDSEI USER MANUAL............................................. 71
1. Introduction .............................................................................. 71
2. Licence Agreement ................................................................... 72
3. Software installation ................................................................ 76
3.1. Individual licence ................................................................ 76
3.1.1. Installation procedure ................................................... 76
3.1.2. Launching the software ................................................ 77
3.1.3. Uninstalling the software.............................................. 77
3.1.4. Location of the data...................................................... 77
3.2. Multiple-user licence........................................................... 78
3.2.1. Installation procedure ................................................... 78
3.2.2. Launching the software ................................................ 79
3.2.3. Uninstalling the software.............................................. 79
3.2.4. Location of the data...................................................... 79
4. The REQUEST window........................................................... 80
4.1. Composition of the Request window .................................. 80
4.1.1. Alphanumerical fields .................................................. 82
4.1.2. Numerical fields ........................................................... 83
4.1.3. Variables with multiple options ................................... 83
4.2. Selecting the corpus............................................................. 84
4.3. The Zoom function.............................................................. 84
4.4. Resetting the selection......................................................... 86
4.5. Submitting the query ........................................................... 86
4.6. Functions available on the main command bar of the
Request window ......................................................................... 86
5. The RESULT window.............................................................. 87
5.1. Deselecting profiles............................................................. 87
5.2. Key terms: selected corpus and sub-corpus........................ 88
5.3. Viewing the profiles ............................................................ 88
5.4. Generating a report.............................................................. 90
5.5. Computing statistics ............................................................ 91
5.6. Viewing a text and merging texts into a corpus .................. 95
5.7. Functions available on the main command bar of the
Result window............................................................................ 97
6. Report problems....................................................................... 98
LINDSEI bibliography....................................................................... 99
Appendix 1: Cartoon used in the picture description task................ 109
Appendix 2: Learner profile questionnaire ...................................... 110