Les Déterminants de la santé subjective dans les pays baltes au cours des années 1990
First Edition
Although he may not have been as well known in Belgium as his father Joseph Naus, who had attained cabinet rank in Iran at the turn of the century, Henri Naus played a prominent role in the Egyptian economy during the first four decades of the 20th century. Post-revolutionary writings in Egypt have, however, by and large, ignored him. This study, relying on a variety of sources, is an attempt to "retrieve" the story of his life in Egypt.
Born in Hasselt in 1875, Henri Naus started his professional career as a technician on a Java sugar plantation, and was engaged in 1902 by the "Société Générale des Sucreries et de la Raffinerie d'Egypte", a giant agro-industrial concern mainly in the bands of French shareholders, which enjoyed a virtual monopoly on sugar production in Egypt. He started his career as manager of a sugar factory in Upper Egypt.
Highly susceptible to world market fluctuations, for decades the sugar industry led a precarious economic existence. By importing a new variety of sugar cane from the Dutch East Indies (POJ 105), Naus achieved a breakthrough. Moreover, in 1905, he helped to stave off a crisis in the Sucreries of which he somewhat later became the Director General. The First World War saw large profits.
During the war he was a member of the "Commission du Commerce et de l'Industrie", which outlined Egypt's new economic course. The Commission was headed by Isma'il Sidqi, who was later to become a controversial Prime Minister (1930-1933).
Together with other foreign resident industrialists, and only a few Egyptians, Naus founded the Egyptian Federation of Industries in 1922. He served as its President until his death in 1938. Over the years more and more Egyptian industrialists joined the Federation. As an economic pressure group, the Federation successfully pressed for a protectionist customs tariff, which superseded Egypt's earlier Free Trade principles of British origin. The new tariff introduced in 1930 proved, in fact, to be a turning-point in Egypt's industrial history. In 1931 Naus was able to conclude a convention with the government. This stabilized the Sucreries' existence but also gave the government a larger share in its control.
Though reserved on progressive labour legislation, Naus proved himself to be an outspoken supporter of industrialization for the sake of Egypt's development. In a sense, he saw Egypt as his adopted fatherland. Naus never became directly involved in politics, but consistently supported Egypt's political emancipation.
Naus became involved as a director in a great number of foreign and mixed stock-companies, including some of the largest Belgian interests: Belgian investments in Egypt had ranked third after the French and British in 1900, and remained considerable throughout the period. The Belgian "colony" in Egypt, however, never numbered more than a few hundred residents.
On the public level, Naus was active in favour of the Egyptian University, the Red Crescent, the "Association Internationale d'Assistance Publique" (a pioneering medical first-aid organization), the "Fondation Egyptologique Reine Elisabeth" and other charitable organizations.
At the lime of his death in 1938, most of the shares of the Sucreries were already in the bands of Ahmad' Abbud Pasha, an Egyptian tycoon. One might say that Naus was overtaken by a process of "indigenation". Though a street in Cairo was named after him, his memory as well as that of many others of the erstwhile foreign élite in Egypt, was deliberately glossed over by the Revolution of 1952.
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- Publisher
- Presses universitaires de Louvain
- Title Part
-
Numéro 538
- Author
- Catherine Gaumé,
- Collection
- Thèses de la Faculté des sciences économiques, sociales, politiques et de communication | n° 538
- Language
- French
- Publisher Category
- Economics and Social Sciences > Population and Development Sciences > Demography
- Publisher Category
- Medecine > Public Health
- BISAC Subject Heading
- BUS000000 BUSINESS & ECONOMICS
- Onix Audience Codes
- 06 Professional and scholarly
- CLIL (Version 2013-2019)
- 3283 SCIENCES POLITIQUES
- Title First Published
- 1999
- Type of Work
- Thesis
Paperback
- Publication Date
- 01 January 2009
- ISBN-13
- 9782874631757
- Extent
- Main content page count : 314
- Code
- 80863
- Dimensions
- 16 x 24 x 1.7 cm
- Weight
- 471 grams
- List Price
- 24.20 €
- ONIX XML
- Version 2.1, Version 3
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Contents
Introduction _______________________________ 7
1. La mortalité dans les régions baltes : évolutions
temporelles et tentatives d’explication____________ 13
1.1. Une transition démographique précoce __________ 14
1.2. Une progression contrastée au cours du vingtième siècle
__________________________________________17
1.2.1. La mortalité par âge _______________________________ 21
1.3. La littérature sur la stagnation de la mortalité en Europe
Centrale et Orientale __________________________ 27
1.3.1. La description du phénomène_________________________ 27
1.3.2. Une explication dans une perspective sociologique __________ 27
1.4. La crise de mortalité _______________________ 29
1.4.1. Une description de la crise récente _____________________ 29
1.4.2. Les causes de la crise de mortalité dans la partie occidentale de l'ex-
URSS : une revue de la littérature __________________________ 32
2. De la mortalité à la santé subjective ___________ 45
2.1. La santé subjective et la mortalité ______________ 46
2.2. Le stress ________________________________ 49
2.2.1. Les origines du concept_____________________________ 49
2.2.2. L’approche selon les événements de vie__________________ 50
2.2.3. Les différentes conceptualisations actuelles _______________ 51
2.2.4. Le modèle transactionnel ___________________________ 53
2.2.5. Les effets nocifs du stress sur la santé ___________________ 55
2.2.6. Capital social, support social, cohésion sociale, réseau social… __ 60
2.2.7. Le lieu de contrôle et contrôle perçu ____________________ 69
2.3. L’alcool_________________________________ 70
2.3.1. Le phénomène du Binge drinking ______________________ 70
2.3.2. Lien Stress-Alcool ________________________________ 71
2.3.3. Le lien entre alcool et santé __________________________ 76
3
3. Du modèle conceptuel au modèle opérationnel___ 85
3.1. Le modèle conceptuel_______________________ 86
3.1.1. Le modèle adopté des déterminants de la santé subjective______ 86
3.1.2. Un modèle de la santé subjective par un système d’équations
structurelles ________________________________________ 92
3.2. Le modèle opérationnel _____________________ 94
3.2.1. Les sources de données existantes______________________ 94
3.2.2. Les données utilisées dans le cadre de cette recherche ________ 98
3.2.3. Opérationnalisation des concepts à l’aide des données des enquêtes
Norbalt___________________________________________ 107
3.2.4. Opérationnalisation des concepts à l’aide des données de l’enquête EHIS _____________________________________________131
4. La santé subjective et ses “parents” __________ 145
4.1. La santé subjective_________________________147
4.1.1. Les taux de prévalence au sein de la population totale ________147
4.1.2. Les taux de prévalence selon les groupes d’âges_____________151
4.2. Caractéristiques générales des modèles__________155
4.2.1. Choisir une distribution a priori informative ou non informative ? 155
4.2.2. Excellente qualité d’ajustement des modèles _____________ 159
4.3. Les “parents” de la santé subjective : taux de prévalences et influences directes et indirectes _______________ 164
4.3.1. Les “parents” de la santé subjective : chemins directs _______ 164
4.3.2. Les “parents” de la santé subjective : chemins indirects______ 180
4.4. Autres résultats__________________________ 188
4.4.1. Le rôle du niveau d’instruction_______________________ 188
4.4.2. Le rôle du soutien social ___________________________ 190
4.4.3. Confirmation des résultats avec l’Estonian Health Interview Survey ________ 190
4.5. Conclusion et discussion ___________________ 194
4.5.1. Résumé ______________________________________ 194
4.5.2. Discussion ____________________________________ 198
5. Le rôle spécifique de l’alcool _______________ 213
5.1. Deux mesures de la consommation d’alcool _______214
5.1.1. Taux de prévalence de la consommation d’alcool ____________215
5.1.2. Les résultats du modèle_____________________________217
5.2. Les consommateurs d’alcool_________________ 223
5.2.1. Consommateurs d’alcool et populations totales____________ 225
5.2.2. Consommateurs d’alcool et abstèmes __________________ 234
5.3. Conclusion _____________________________ 238
Conclusion ______________________________ 243
Bibliographie ____________________________ 255
Annexe I : _______________________________ 275
Mesurer la consommation d’alcool au cours des années 1990 ___________________________________ 275
Annexe II : ______________________________ 291
Constitution des échantillons des enquêtes Norbalt _ 291
Annexe III : ______________________________ 301
Résultats des modèles testés sur les populations totales à partir des données Norbalt. __________________ 301
Annexe IV : ______________________________ 309
Résultats des modèles testés sur les populations totales à partir des données EHIS. ____________________ 309