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<TitleText textcase="01">Prices and Crises</TitleText> 
<Subtitle textcase="01">The grain economy in fourteenth-century Flanders</Subtitle>
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<Text textformat="02" language="fre">&#60;p&#62;Using extensive data from ecclesiastical landlords, it reconstructs grain price trends, analyses market integration, and explores the social impact of price shocks. It highlights the adaptive strategies of landlords and cities in managing food crises, offering new insights into resilience and vulnerability in premodern economies.&#60;/p&#62;</Text>
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<Text language="fre">This study examines the grain economy of fourteenth-century Flanders, a region marked by dense urbanisation, warfare, famines, and plague. </Text>
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<Text textformat="02">&#60;p&#62;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS &#60;/p&#62;
&#60;p&#62;LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS &#60;/p&#62;
&#60;p&#62;LIST OF FIGURES &#60;/p&#62;
&#60;p&#62;LIST OF TABLES &#60;/p&#62;
&#60;p&#62;MEASUREMENTS &#60;/p&#62;
&#60;p&#62;PART I &#8212; GENERAL INTRODUCTION&#60;/p&#62;
&#60;p&#62;The late medieval Flemish context &#60;/p&#62;
&#60;p&#62;Famines and medieval economic development : theoretical perspectives &#60;/p&#62;
&#60;p&#62;The large ecclesiastical landlords as protagonists &#60;/p&#62;
&#60;p&#62;Central aim and structure &#60;/p&#62;
&#60;p&#62;PART II &#8212; THE PRICE OF GRAIN IN THE FOURTEENTH CENTURY &#60;/p&#62;
&#60;p&#62;CHAPTER 1 &#8212; THE EVOLUTION OF GRAIN PRICES: AN OVERVIEW &#60;/p&#62;
&#60;p&#62;1.1. A powerful parallel movement: long-term evolution &#60;/p&#62;
&#60;p&#62;1.2. A focus on price peaks &#60;/p&#62;
&#60;p&#62;1.3. Diving deeper: seasonal movement of prices &#60;/p&#62;
&#60;p&#62;1.4. The influence of quantity: price changes over the very short term &#60;/p&#62;
&#60;p&#62;1.5. In conclusion: new price series and new insights &#60;/p&#62;
&#60;p&#62;CHAPTER 2 &#8212; PRICE INTEGRATION ON THE GRAIN MARKET &#60;/p&#62;
&#60;p&#62;2.1. Premodern market integration and the case of Flanders &#60;/p&#62;
&#60;p&#62;2.2. Measuring price integration: methodology &#60;/p&#62;
&#60;p&#62;2.3. Flanders and its price integration in the late Middle Ages &#60;/p&#62;
&#60;p&#62;2.4. Concluding remarks: a performing market in times of crisis &#60;/p&#62;
&#60;p&#62;CHAPTER 3 &#8212; PRICES AND PLAGUE. EPIDEMIC-INDUCED CHANGES IN HOUSEHOLD PURCHASING POWER &#60;/p&#62;
&#60;p&#62;3.1. Inequalities in access to food &#60;/p&#62;
&#60;p&#62;3.2. Assessing the short-term purchasing power : nutritional shortage &#60;/p&#62;
&#60;p&#62;3.3. Diseases and price increases: the short-term economic impact &#60;/p&#62;
&#60;p&#62;3.4. Conclusion: the importance of grain markets during plague waves &#60;/p&#62;
&#60;p&#62;PART III &#8212; LARGE LANDLORDS AND THE GRAIN TRADE &#60;/p&#62;
&#60;p&#62;CHAPTER 4 &#8212; MARKET TRENDS AND RENT PRICE CONVERSIONS : PATTERNS, PRACTICES, AND IMPLICATIONS&#60;br /&#62;
&#60;br /&#62;
4.1. In-kind payments and their conversion to money &#60;/p&#62;
&#60;p&#62;4.2. Rent prices and their relationship with market prices &#60;/p&#62;
&#60;p&#62;4.3. Concluding remarks: the important role of rent prices &#60;/p&#62;
&#60;p&#62;CHAPTER 5 &#8212; B ALANCING M ARKETS A ND MORALS : GRAIN TRADE PRACTICES AND STRATEGIES &#60;/p&#62;
&#60;p&#62;5.1. Balancing budgets: the financial significance of wheat sales &#60;/p&#62;
&#60;p&#62;5.2. Volume over value: grain sales, price trends and market behaviour &#60;/p&#62;
&#60;p&#62;5.3. An 'open' grain market: quantities and customers &#60;/p&#62;
&#60;p&#62;5.4. Conclusion: large landlords and their strategies on the grain market &#60;/p&#62;
&#60;p&#62;PART IV &#8212; LARGE LANDLORDS AS GRAIN PRODUCERS &#60;/p&#62;
&#60;p&#62;CHAPTER 6 &#8212; DEMESNE OR LEASEHOLD? ESTATE MANAGEMENT IN SOUTHERN FLANDERS &#60;/p&#62;
&#60;p&#62;6.1. From demesne to leasehold farming &#60;/p&#62;
&#60;p&#62;6.2. The exploitation of the domain of large ecclesiastical landlords &#60;/p&#62;
&#60;p&#62;6.3. Finding the balance: the ratio between consumption and commercialisation &#60;/p&#62;
&#60;p&#62;6.4. Conclusion: decision-making in the interest of self-sufficiency&#60;/p&#62;
&#60;p&#62;CHAPTER 7 &#8212; LANDLORDS AND TENANTS : THE DYNAMICS OF SHORT-TERM LEASEHOLD &#60;/p&#62;
&#60;p&#62;7.1. Social agrosystems in the Low Countries: a short note &#60;/p&#62;
&#60;p&#62;7.2. Affluent tenants versus smallholders : the size of leased-out plots &#60;/p&#62;
&#60;p&#62;7.3. The pressure on tenants: evolution of the in-kind lease prices &#60;/p&#62;
&#60;p&#62;7.4. Conclusion: distinctions in leasehold in an agrosystemic approach &#60;/p&#62;
&#60;p&#62;PART V &#8212; A FINAL REVIEW &#60;/p&#62;
&#60;p&#62;The importance of the price data frequency &#60;/p&#62;
&#60;p&#62;Chronology of the fourteenth-century price shocks &#60;/p&#62;
&#60;p&#62;Preventing or breaking absolute price peaks &#60;/p&#62;
&#60;p&#62;Landlords and the grain market &#60;/p&#62;
&#60;p&#62;Institutional constraints on the grain trade &#60;/p&#62;
&#60;p&#62;Social agrosystems and the management of cereal production &#60;/p&#62;
&#60;p&#62;The grain market in an Age of Shocks &#60;/p&#62;
&#60;p&#62;APPENDICES &#60;/p&#62;
&#60;p&#62;SOURCES &amp; BIBLIOGRAPHY &#60;/p&#62;</Text>
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